Pure Proof-of-Stake

It is a derivative of the Proof-of-Stake consensus mechanism. The first blockchain to process and use Pure Proof-of-Stake is Algorand. In order to participate in block validation it is sufficient to have 1 ALGO in staking. The entry requirements are therefore very low and in this way many people can participate, any user of the Algorand network can be selected as a validator randomly and anonymously. The selection is done by means of the VRF (verifiable random function) developed by founder Silvio Micali, which randomly chooses validators but taking into account their stake size. In fact in Pure Proof-of-Stake the probability of being chosen is open to all but is directly proportional to the size of the stake. When a node is selected, nobody but them knows about it. Anonymity preserves from corruption, since if nobody knows the identity of the selected block, nobody can try to compromise it. 

Validating a block requires several steps and the combined work of several users. Initially a validation leader is selected out of all the ALGO owners, to propose the addition of the block; then the block is passed under the control of a committee of randomly selected users. The committee ensures that there are no problems with the transactions contained in the block (e.g. double spending). A second committee is appointed to confirm the block. If there are problems with a block, it is discarded and a new leader is elected. In Pure Proof-of-Stake there are no punishment mechanisms for blocks that do not do their job properly, in these cases the network discards the validator and starts working again without interruption. Pure Proof-of-Stake does not involve slashing but focuses on fast processing of transactions by resolving errors quickly. 

Correlated words

Testnet

A Testnet is a trial blockchain network used for testing new applications and features, offering a risk-free environment for development.

Mining difficulty

Mining difficulty reflects the complexity of the cryptographic problems that must be solved to mine a block in networks like Bitcoin.

Layer 2

Layer 2 protocols operate on top of an existing blockchain to enhance network scalability and efficiency, improving transaction speeds.

UTXO

Unspent Transaction Output (UTXO) is the amount of cryptocurrency left after a transaction, available for future transactions.

Account Model

In the Ethereum blockchain, the Account Model represents user accounts with associated wallet addresses, forming the decentralised ledger.

Royalty

Royalties are payments made to the creators of NFTs for each subsequent sale, providing ongoing compensation.

Multisig Wallet

A Multisig (Multi-signature) wallet requires multiple private keys to authorize cryptocurrency transactions, enhancing security.

Custodial Wallet

A Custodial wallet is a cryptocurrency wallet where third parties maintain custody of the owner's private keys.

Seed phrase

A Seed Phrase is a series of 12 or 24 words used to recover access to a cryptocurrency wallet, acting as a backup tool.

Non custodial wallet

A non-custodial wallet is a cryptocurrency wallet where the owner maintains complete control over their private keys.

Fan Token

Fan Tokens are specialised utility tokens that enable sports teams to engage and interact with their fan base.

Minting

Minting is the process of creating and registering new digital assets, such as tokens or NFTs, on a blockchain.

NFT Domains

NFT Domains are unique, decentralised internet domains, managed by smart contracts and recorded on a blockchain.

Metaverse

The Metaverse is a digital platform offering immersive, shared experiences in a virtual online environment, often integrating blockchain.

Delegated Proof-of-Stake

Delegated Proof-of-Stake is a system where stakeholders transfer their staking power to trusted validators who maintain the network.

Liquid Proof-of-Stake

Liquid Proof-of-Stake is a variant of Proof-of-Stake where staked tokens remain liquid and readily accessible for transactions.

Stake

The Stake represents the total cryptocurrency users are currently staking within a blockchain network to gain rewards.

Staking Pool

A Staking Pool combines the cryptocurrencies of several individuals to increase collective staking power and potential rewards.

Cold Staking

Cold Staking involves securing cryptocurrency in a cold wallet, not connected to the internet, for staking purposes to enhance security.

Blockchain

Blockchain technology, based on cryptography, enables the decentralized and uncensored execution of transactions across various sectors.

Proof-of-Stake

Proof-of-Stake is a blockchain consensus method where validators stake their cryptocurrencies to participate in network governance.

Genesis Block

The Genesis Block, often called Block 0, is the inaugural block of a blockchain, serving as the foundation of the entire chain.

Block Height

Block Height refers to the total number of blocks in a blockchain, counted from the genesis block to the most recent block.

Network

The Network in blockchain refers to the interconnected system of computers, or nodes, supporting the operations of a cryptocurrency.

Transactions per second (TPS)

Transactions per second (TPS) measures the processing speed of a blockchain network, indicating its efficiency and scalability.

Transaction

A Transaction is a formal agreement involving the exchange of assets, value, or data between digital or physical entities.

Shard

In blockchain, Shard refers to a network subdivision that enhances transaction processing efficiency and overall network scalability.

Proof-of-Work

Proof-of-work is a blockchain consensus mechanism relying on miners' computational power to validate transactions and create blocks.

Node

A Node refers to a computer connected to a blockchain network, playing a crucial role in processing and validating transactions.

Off-chain

Off-chain transactions refer to activities conducted outside the blockchain, enhancing speed and reducing congestion.

On-chain

On-chain activities are those executed and recorded on the blockchain, ensuring transparency and permanence of the data.

Mining Pool

A Mining Pool is a collective that combines multiple miners' computational power to enhance cryptocurrency mining efficiency.

Mining

Mining involves solving complex cryptographic challenges to create new blocks on a blockchain, earning cryptocurrency rewards.

Consensus Mechanism

A Consensus Mechanism is a decentralised method for validating transactions on a blockchain, crucial for maintaining network integrity.

Hash

A Hash is a cryptographic function uniquely identifying each blockchain block, ensuring data integrity and security.

Governance

In cryptocurrency, Governance refers to the systems and rules guiding the operation and decision-making of projects and blockchains.

Fee

A Fee is a charge incurred for executing financial transactions, often seen in trading, banking, and service provisions.

Double Spending

Double Spending is a risk in digital payment systems, where the same amount might be fraudulently spent twice without proper safeguards.

DoS

A Denial of Service (DoS) is a cyber attack aimed at making a network or service unavailable, disrupting normal operations.

DLT

Distributed Ledger Technologies (DLT) are based on a decentralised and immutable ledger of transactions, shared across a network.

Decentralised

A system is called Decentralised when it is governed by consensus among participants without a central authority or hierarchy.

Cold Wallet

Wallets that are not connected to the internet.

Bridge

A Bridge in blockchain technology enables the transfer and interaction of assets across diverse blockchain platforms.

Financial Bubble

A Financial Bubble is an economic cycle characterised by the rapid escalation of asset prices beyond their intrinsic values.

Blockchain Explorer

Blockchain Explorer is a software tool that enables users to view all transactions and exchanged data on a specific blockchain.

Block

A Block is a collection of encrypted transactions, which, linked with other blocks, forms the entire structure of a blockchain.

ASIC

ASICs are specialized devices designed for mining specific cryptocurrencies, offering enhanced efficiency in computational tasks.

Interoperability

Interoperability in blockchain refers to exchanging data with other platforms, including different blockchain types and off-chain systems.

51% Attack

A 51% Attack occurs when a node or group of nodes tries to gain majority control over a blockchain network, threatening its integrity.

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