Glossary

Anti-Money Laundering (AML) regulations are designed to prevent illegal activities and financial crimes in centralised exchanges.

Automated Market Makers (AMMs) are smart contracts in decentralized exchanges, facilitating liquidity and trade execution.

APIs (Application Programming Interfaces) streamline the development of applications and web services by integrating functionalities.

The Annual Percentage Rate (APR) is the yearly interest rate earned on an investment or charged on a loan, expressed as a percentage.

APY (Annual Percentage Yield) in DeFi indicates the annual percentage return earned or paid on an investment or loan.

ASICs are specialized devices designed for mining specific cryptocurrencies, offering enhanced efficiency in computational tasks.

ATH (All-Time High) and ATL (All-Time Low) represent a cryptocurrency's highest and lowest historical price points.

In the Ethereum blockchain, the Account Model represents user accounts with associated wallet addresses, forming the decentralised ledger.

An Aggregator collects and presents similar content or services from various sources, exemplified by platforms like Yearn Finance.

An Airdrop is a method of distributing new cryptocurrencies to the market, often for free or as a reward to community members.

An algorithm is a set of procedures or rules designed to perform specific tasks or solve problems integral to software development.

Altcoins are cryptocurrencies launched after Bitcoin, offering alternative blockchain-based solutions and functionalities.

Arbitrage is the simultaneous buying and selling of assets in different markets to profit from price disparities.

An Audit in software development is a thorough review process to ensure the correct and secure functioning of the software.

The Average True Range (ATR) is an essential technical analysis indicator for investors seeking to measure market volatility.

A Bear Market is a phase in the market characterized by declining asset prices and typically reflecting widespread pessimism.

A Bear Trap occurs in a bullish market, presenting a temporary downward price movement that can mislead investors.

A Benchmark is a standard or point of reference against which the performance of a financial instrument or market can be measured.

In trading, 'Bid' and 'Ask' represent the prices at which buyers and sellers are willing to trade an asset in the order book.

Bitcoin is the first and most enduring cryptocurrency, introducing blockchain technology as a revolutionary digital ledger system.

Bitcoin Dominance measures the proportion of Bitcoin's market capitalisation in relation to the total market cap of all cryptocurrencies.

A Black Swan Event is unpredictable with potentially severe consequences, often radically changing the status quo.

A Block is a collection of encrypted transactions, which, linked with other blocks, forms the entire structure of a blockchain.

Block Height refers to the total number of blocks in a blockchain, counted from the genesis block to the most recent block.

Blockchain technology, based on cryptography, enables the decentralized and uncensored execution of transactions across various sectors.

Blockchain Explorer is a software tool that enables users to view all transactions and exchanged data on a specific blockchain.

Bonding is the process of locking up cryptocurrencies as a commitment to participate in network activities and receive benefits.

Bonds are debt securities issued by governments or institutions to raise funds for various financial purposes.

The Break-even point is the financial state where total revenues equal total expenses, indicating neither profit nor loss.

A Breakout in trading occurs when the price surpasses a defined resistance or support level, leading to increased volatility and activity.

A Bridge in blockchain technology enables the transfer and interaction of assets across diverse blockchain platforms.

A Bull Market is a period where prices consistently rise, often driven by investor confidence and economic optimism.

A Bull Run is a market phase marked by a sustained upward price trend, often reflecting widespread positive sentiment among investors.

A Bull Trap is a deceptive upward price movement in a bearish market, giving the false impression of a market recovery.

Buy Wall and Sell Wall represent significant purchase or sale demands at a specific price in cryptocurrency trading.

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) is the principal measure used to track inflation, reflecting the average price change over time.

Capital refers to funds or assets for investment or economic activities crucial for business growth and development.

Capital gain is the profit earned from selling an asset at a higher price than its purchase cost, commonly realised in stock markets.

Cashback is a reward program where a portion of the amount spent on a transaction is returned to the spender.

CeFi, or Centralised Finance, is the centralised alternative to DeFi, offering traditional finance-like services on blockchain.

The Central Bank sits atop the banking hierarchy, working with the government to regulate monetary policy and currency issuance.

Circulating Supply refers to the number of cryptocurrency tokens or coins actively available for trading in the market.

A Coin is a primary form of cryptocurrency that operates independently on its blockchain, serving various transactional purposes.

Coin Burning is a method to permanently remove cryptocurrency units from circulation, potentially increasing scarcity and value.

Cold Staking involves securing cryptocurrency in a cold wallet, not connected to the internet, for staking purposes to enhance security.

Wallets that are not connected to the internet.

Commercial Banks cater to individuals and small businesses, offering deposit accounts, loans, and other traditional banking services.

A Consensus Mechanism is a decentralised method for validating transactions on a blockchain, crucial for maintaining network integrity.

Crowdfunding is an online method of raising funds, allowing broad participation from various individuals or groups.

Crypto Lending involves providing loan services using cryptocurrencies on centralized or decentralised platforms.

Cryptocurrency is a digital or virtual currency using cryptography for security, operating on a decentralised blockchain system.

Cryptography, a crucial component of secure communication, is the study and application of techniques for protecting information.

A Custodial wallet is a cryptocurrency wallet where third parties maintain custody of the owner's private keys.

Custody in cryptocurrency involves managing a wallet by oneself, ensuring control over the associated private key.

A Decentralised Autonomous Organisation (DAO) operates on blockchain principles, automating governance and decision-making.

DApp, or Decentralised Application, allows users to interact with blockchain-based services in a distributed network environment.

A Decentralized Exchange (DEX) facilitates cryptocurrency trading without intermediaries, directly utilising blockchain technology.

Distributed Ledger Technologies (DLT) are based on a decentralised and immutable ledger of transactions, shared across a network.

The Domain Name System (DNS) is a hierarchical structure that maps domain names to their corresponding IP addresses on the internet.

Do Your Own Research (DYOR) emphasizes the importance of independent research and not solely relying on a single information source.

A Database is a systematically organised collection of data, stored and accessed electronically, used across various industries.

Decentralised Finance (DeFi) comprises financial solutions based on blockchain technology, operating in a decentralised manner.

A system is called Decentralised when it is governed by consensus among participants without a central authority or hierarchy.

Default occurs when an entity fails to meet its debt obligations, potentially leading to bankruptcy or other financial repercussions.

A Deficit in economics signifies a situation where expenses exceed revenues, resulting in a state of financial loss.

Delegated Proof-of-Stake is a system where stakeholders transfer their staking power to trusted validators who maintain the network.

Delisting is the removal of a cryptocurrency from an exchange's offerings, often due to non-compliance or poor performance.

Diversification in investment involves strategically including various assets with different characteristics to reduce portfolio risk.

A Dividend is a share of profit distributed to shareholders of a company, usually paid periodically as a return on investment.

A Denial of Service (DoS) is a cyber attack aimed at making a network or service unavailable, disrupting normal operations.

Double Spending is a risk in digital payment systems, where the same amount might be fraudulently spent twice without proper safeguards.

Dovish monetary policy is characterised by low-interest rates and higher employment levels, aiming to stimulate and foster economic growth.

Drawdown is a financial indicator measuring the decline from an asset's peak to its lowest point over a specified period, reflecting risk.

ERC-20 is a token standard on Ethereum, allowing many projects to create and launch their own cryptocurrencies on its platform.

ETFs (Exchange-Traded Funds) are passively managed funds that replicate the performance of a benchmark index, offering broad market exposure.

Exchanges provide services for buying and selling digital assets, operating on market-driven prices and facilitating cryptocurrency trade.

Fear Of Missing Out (FOMO) in trading and cryptocurrency contexts refers to the anxiety of missing profitable opportunities.

FUD (Fear, Uncertainty, and Doubt) describes a general sense of negativity or pessimism in the market, potentially affecting prices.

A Fakeout in the market occurs when the actual price trend diverges from investor expectations, leading to mistaken trading decisions.

Fan Tokens are specialised utility tokens that enable sports teams to engage and interact with their fan base.

A Fee is a charge incurred for executing financial transactions, often seen in trading, banking, and service provisions.

Fiat Currency is government-issued legal tender, not backed by physical commodities, serving as the standard medium of exchange.

FinTech combines finance and technology, where companies innovate in financial services using advanced technological solutions.

A Financial Bubble is an economic cycle characterised by the rapid escalation of asset prices beyond their intrinsic values.

A Financial Instrument is a tool or asset used in financial markets for investment, trading, or funding activities, like stocks or bonds.

The Financial Market is a structured space for trading financial securities, including stocks, bonds, and other investment vehicles.

The Floor price is the lowest price at which an asset, such as an NFT or stock, is currently available for purchase on the market.

The Forex (Foreign Exchange) Market is a global platform for trading fiat currencies, operating 24/7 with high liquidity.

Fungibility is the characteristic of assets that are interchangeable and divisible into smaller units for ease of exchange.

A Futures Contract is an agreement to buy or sell an asset at a predetermined price at a specified future date (hedging or speculation).

The Genesis Block, often called Block 0, is the inaugural block of a blockchain, serving as the foundation of the entire chain.

The Golden Cross, a key trading term, denotes the crossing of two moving averages. Learn how it can guide trading strategies on assets.

In cryptocurrency, Governance refers to the systems and rules guiding the operation and decision-making of projects and blockchains.

Halving refers to the event where the reward given to miners for producing blocks on the Bitcoin blockchain is cut in half.

A Hard Fork represents a significant split in a blockchain due to protocol incompatibilities between new and existing versions.

A Hash is a cryptographic function uniquely identifying each blockchain block, ensuring data integrity and security.

Hawkish monetary policies involve raising interest rates to combat inflation, prioritising monetary stability and economic control.

A Hot Wallet is a cryptocurrency wallet that remains connected to the internet, offering easy access and management of digital assets.

ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers) manages the global domain name system and IP address allocation.

An ICO (Initial Coin Offering) is an event where a new cryptocurrency is sold to the public to distribute and promote it in the market.

An IEO (Initial Exchange Offering) is a cryptocurrency launch event hosted by an exchange to distribute and market a new digital currency.

An IP Address is a unique numerical label assigned to each device connected to a network, identifying it for communication purposes.

An economic indicator compiles macro data, a key tool to evaluate investment opportunities and the economy’s health.

Inflation signifies the gradual increase in market or currency prices, impacting the purchasing power over time.

Interoperability in blockchain refers to exchanging data with other platforms, including different blockchain types and off-chain systems.

KYC (Know Your Customer) is an identity verification process mandated by European regulations for Financial intermediaries.

Layer 2 protocols operate on top of an existing blockchain to enhance network scalability and efficiency, improving transaction speeds.

A Limit Order is executed only when the cryptocurrency reaches a predetermined price, specifying exact buy or sell conditions.

Liquid Proof-of-Stake is a variant of Proof-of-Stake where staked tokens remain liquid and readily accessible for transactions.

Liquid Staking allows the staked assets to be simultaneously utilised in other protocols, maintaining liquidity while earning rewards.

Liquidity measures how easy it is to convert a cryptocurrency or financial instrument into fiat currency without affecting its value.

Listing refers to adding a new cryptocurrency or token to an exchange, making it available for trading to the public.

Market Cap denotes the total market value of all circulating coins or tokens of a particular cryptocurrency.

Market Makers are intermediaries who buy and sell large quantities of an asset to facilitate its liquidity and ensure market depth.

A Market Mover is a factor or event capable of significantly influencing a financial market's direction and price levels.

A Market Order is executed instantly at the next available best market price for buying or selling cryptocurrencies.

Market Trend signifies the prevailing direction of financial markets, identified over a substantial duration for investment analysis.

Metadata is a type of data that provides essential information about other data, enhancing its context, usability, and organisation.

The Metaverse is a digital platform offering immersive, shared experiences in a virtual online environment, often integrating blockchain.

Mining involves solving complex cryptographic challenges to create new blocks on a blockchain, earning cryptocurrency rewards.

A Mining Pool is a collective that combines multiple miners' computational power to enhance cryptocurrency mining efficiency.

Mining difficulty reflects the complexity of the cryptographic problems that must be solved to mine a block in networks like Bitcoin.

Minting is the process of creating and registering new digital assets, such as tokens or NFTs, on a blockchain.

Modularity in software development focuses on creating flexible systems by segmenting components for easier management and adaptation.

The term 'Moon' describes a rapid and significant surge in a cryptocurrency's price, indicating bullish market sentiment.

A Multisig (Multi-signature) wallet requires multiple private keys to authorize cryptocurrency transactions, enhancing security.

Mutual Funds pool capital from multiple investors to invest collectively in diversified portfolios of assets.

An NFT, or Non-Fungible Token, represents a unique digital item or asset recorded and verified on a blockchain.

NFT Domains are unique, decentralised internet domains, managed by smart contracts and recorded on a blockchain.

The Network in blockchain refers to the interconnected system of computers, or nodes, supporting the operations of a cryptocurrency.

Neural Networks are advanced computational models that mimic the workings of the human brain, often used in artificial intelligence.

A Node refers to a computer connected to a blockchain network, playing a crucial role in processing and validating transactions.

A non-custodial wallet is a cryptocurrency wallet where the owner maintains complete control over their private keys.

Off-chain transactions refer to activities conducted outside the blockchain, enhancing speed and reducing congestion.

On-chain activities are those executed and recorded on the blockchain, ensuring transparency and permanence of the data.

Open-source software offers publicly accessible source code, allowing collaborative use, modification, and distribution.

An Oracle is a blockchain mechanism providing external, verified data to smart contracts for accurate and reliable execution.

The order book shows the demand and supply on an exchange, listing prices at which users are willing to buy and sell certain amounts.

Peer-to-peer (P2P) networks facilitate direct user data exchange, bypassing the need for centralised intermediaries.

In trading, a Pair involves two currencies exchanged against each other, commonly seen on cryptocurrency and forex exchanges.

Parameters are variables defining rules and conditions for trading operations, which vary by trading strategy.

Prediction markets are exchange-traded platforms that predict the outcomes of future events, reflecting market sentiment and speculations.

Price action refers to the movement and behaviour of a financial instrument's price over time, used for predictive analysis in trading.

A Private Key is a unique secure cryptographic code granting access to a cryptocurrency wallet and is associated with a public key.

Proof-of-Stake is a blockchain consensus method where validators stake their cryptocurrencies to participate in network governance.

Proof-of-work is a blockchain consensus mechanism relying on miners' computational power to validate transactions and create blocks.

A Public Key is a unique cryptographic code for identifying a blockchain cryptocurrency wallet and is associted with a private kwy..

A pullback is a small decline in an asset's price during an uptrend, often considered a buying opportunity.

Pump&Dump is a manipulative market strategy that artificially inflates cryptocurrency prices for the benefit of the initiators.

Purchasing power refers to the quantity and quality of goods and services that can be acquired with a given amount of money.

Pure Proof-of-Stake is a consensus model where validators are selected randomly and anonymously, using Verifiable Random Functions (VRF).

ROI, or Return on Investment, quantifies the performance of an investment by comparing profits to its original cost.

A Rally is a rapid and significant increase in an asset's or market index's price, driven by a surge in demand from investors.

Registrars are organizations responsible for the registration and management of domain names on the internet.

Registries are organizations overseeing the administration and management of top-level domain information on the internet.

Relative Strength is a technical analysis tool comparing the price performance of two cryptocurrencies to evaluate their market strength.

Royalties are payments made to the creators of NFTs for each subsequent sale, providing ongoing compensation.

The SEC (Securities and Exchange Commission) is a U.S. government agency responsible for regulating and overseeing the securities markets.

Satoshi Nakamoto, the pseudonymous creator(s) of Bitcoin, remains a mystery with no known true identity and no current online presence.

Scarcity defines the limited availability of an asset, directly influencing its market demand and perceived value.

A Seed Phrase is a series of 12 or 24 words used to recover access to a cryptocurrency wallet, acting as a backup tool.

In blockchain, Shard refers to a network subdivision that enhances transaction processing efficiency and overall network scalability.

Slippage is the variation between a trade's expected and executed price, often occurring in fast-moving or illiquid markets.

A Smart Contract is a digital contract with terms automatically executed by the blockchain when predetermined conditions are met.

Stablecoins are cryptocurrencies whose value is pegged to stable assets like fiat currencies or precious metals, aiming to reduce volatility.

The Stake represents the total cryptocurrency users are currently staking within a blockchain network to gain rewards.

Staking involves holding cryptocurrencies in a digital wallet to support network operations and earning rewards for participation.

Staking Derivatives are financial products derived from staking, with values dependent on the performance of staked tokens and network reward

A Staking Pool combines the cryptocurrencies of several individuals to increase collective staking power and potential rewards.

Stocks are financial instruments representing ownership shares in a company, entitling holders to a portion of the corporate profits.

A Stop Order is a conditional trade tool in markets, allowing investors to buy or sell assets when prices reach a set level.

Structured data refers to information that is highly organised in a way that is easily searchable and algorithmically manageable.

Supply and demand are fundamental economic forces determining the price and availability of goods and services in the market.

Support and Resistance are technical analysis tools identifying price levels where an asset's price trend may pause or reverse.

Swap is the exchange of one crypto token for another via a decentralised platform, enabling seamless asset conversion.

TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) is the fundamental communication protocol set that enables internet functionality.

The Top-Level Domain (TLD) is the highest part of the domain name structure, appearing at the end of web addresses.

TVL (Total Value Locked) represents the cumulative value of cryptocurrencies locked in a DeFi protocol or decentralised application (dApp).

A Testnet is a trial blockchain network used for testing new applications and features, offering a risk-free environment for development.

A Token is a digital asset created on an existing blockchain, representing value or utility within its native ecosystem.

Young (YNG) is the Utility Token at the centre of the Young Platform ecosystem, an Italian European company. It is an ERC-20 token.

Tokenomics involves the economic rules and models governing the issuing, distributing, and using a digital project's tokens.

Total supply is the entirety of tokens or coins that have been created or issued by a cryptocurrency project up to date.

Trading is buying and selling financial assets in markets to profit from price movements and market trends.

A Transaction is a formal agreement involving the exchange of assets, value, or data between digital or physical entities.

Transactions per second (TPS) measures the processing speed of a blockchain network, indicating its efficiency and scalability.

A URL (Uniform Resource Locator) is a unique string of characters that provides the address of a specific resource on the World Wide Web.

Unspent Transaction Output (UTXO) is the amount of cryptocurrency left after a transaction, available for future transactions.

Utility Tokens are specialised cryptocurrencies that grant holders access to services and benefits, within a blockchain ecosystem.

Virtual Currency is a legal term encompassing digital currencies, including cryptocurrencies, used in various financial transactions.

Volatility in finance refers to the extent of price fluctuations a financial instrument experiences over a period.

Volume indicates the total amount of a cryptocurrency traded within a specific time frame, reflecting market activity.

A Wallet is a digital software designed for securely sending, receiving, and storing various cryptocurrencies.

The Wallet address is a unique string of characters identifying a cryptocurrency wallet for transactions and asset management.

Web 3.0, often linked to the Semantic Web, signifies the next evolution of the internet, emphasizing data interoperability and user control.

Web3 marks the third evolution of the web, characterised by a shift in the economic and technological landscape driven by blockchain.

A White paper is a detailed document used by crypto projects to outline their technological innovations and proposals.

In blockchain, a Whitelist is an exclusive list of addresses granted early access to participate in ICOs or to purchase NFT collections.

A Wrapped Token represents the value of one crypto on a different blockchain standard, facilitating cross-chain transactions and usage.

Yield Farming, an essential aspect of decentralised finance (DeFi), allows cryptocurrencies to be used to earn interest.

Young Platform's Clubs are loyalty programmes that give access to plus services and discounts on commissions for buying and selling crypto.